SAFaviation.eu is the European documentary reference on Sustainable Aviation Fuel — from ReFuelEU Aviation's binding mandates to Power-to-Liquid technology, CORSIA and the 2035 horizon. All information from cited public sources. Available in all 24 official EU languages.
ReFuelEU Aviation (EU Regulation 2023/2405) establishes binding SAF quotas at all EU airports serving more than 800,000 passengers. 2035 is the pivotal year — the first major step requiring 20% SAF including 5% Power-to-Liquid.
EU Reg. 2023/2405 published in Official Journal
EUR-Lex — official2% SAF · 0% PtL · All EU airports >800K pax
ReFuelEU 2023/24056% SAF incl. 1.2% PtL · Significant volumes
ReFuelEU 2023/240520% SAF incl. 5% PtL · Large-scale PtL demand
ReFuelEU 2023/240570% SAF incl. 35% PtL · Near-zero aviation
ReFuelEU 2023/2405Core SAF production pathways identified in scientific literature and institutional reports. Simplified descriptions — no technical warranty.
E-kerosene produced from green hydrogen (via electrolysis of water using renewable electricity) and captured CO₂. Fully carbon-circular when DAC-sourced CO₂. The only pathway that satisfies both ReFuelEU's 5% PtL sub-mandate and the ICE e-fuel derogation for road vehicles.
Catalytic conversion of syngas (H₂+CO) into liquid hydrocarbons — jet fuel compatible. Drop-in fuel requiring no aircraft modification. With green H₂ and captured CO₂ produces carbon-neutral kerosene. Commercially proven technology (Sasol, Shell Pearl GTL).
Largest current SAF volume — produced from used cooking oils, agricultural residues, animal fats. Commercially available today. Not counted in the PtL sub-quota. Feedstock availability is the main constraint at scale.
CO₂ extracted directly from ambient air — when combined with green H₂, produces fully carbon-circular PtL SAF. Current cost ~$400–600/tonne CO₂ (IEA 2024). IEA projects significant cost reduction by 2035 driven by scale-up. Key enabler of truly circular e-kerosene.
Conversion of alcohols (ethanol, isobutanol) from fermentation or Power-to-X into jet fuel. Multiple ASTM-certified pathways. LanzaTech and other developers active. Can use industrial waste gases as feedstock reducing net carbon footprint.
Gasification of municipal solid waste, agricultural residues or forestry waste into syngas, then Fischer-Tropsch to jet fuel. Addresses both waste management and aviation decarbonisation. Several EU projects in development phase.
Binding SAF blending obligations for fuel suppliers at EU airports serving >800K passengers. Quotas: 2% (2025), 6% (2030), 20% (2035) incl. 5% PtL, 34% (2040), 42% (2045), 70% (2050) incl. 35% PtL. First large-scale binding demand signal for e-kerosene globally.
Source: EU Regulation 2023/2405 — EUR-Lex — officialInternational Civil Aviation Organization's global market-based measure. All international flights above 2019 baseline must offset or reduce CO₂. SAF use generates CORSIA Eligible Fuels credits. Complements ReFuelEU for international routes outside EU.
Source: ICAO CORSIA — officialEU ETS covers all intra-EEA flights. From 2026, CORSIA applies to international routes. SAF use reduces ETS compliance costs — economic incentive layered on top of the ReFuelEU mandate. Carbon price creates additional financial driver for SAF adoption.
Source: EU ETS Directive — EUR-Lex — officialThe Fit for 55 package (EU climate target: -55% GHG by 2030) is the legislative umbrella within which ReFuelEU and EU ETS aviation operate. Aviation is explicitly included in the EU's path to net-zero 2050.
Source: European Green Deal · Fit for 55 — official⚠ Indicative data — public sources — not independently verified
ReFuelEU Aviation applies to all EU airports serving more than 800,000 passengers annually. Every major hub in all 27 Member States is directly concerned.
Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) is a low-carbon drop-in replacement for conventional jet fuel. 2035 is the pivotal year under EU Regulation 2023/2405 (ReFuelEU Aviation) — the first major obligation requiring 20% SAF blending at all EU airports, including 5% Power-to-Liquid. This creates the first large-scale binding demand signal for e-kerosene globally.
Source: EU Regulation 2023/2405 — EUR-Lex — officialCategorically not. SAFaviation.eu is exclusively a documentary portal. No information published here constitutes investment, financial, legal or technical advice. All market projections are from third-party public sources (IEA, IRENA, IATA) and are indicative only. Always consult licensed advisors before any decision.
See full legal notices below →Yes, partially. The 2% mandate entered into force in January 2025. SAF is blended at major EU airport refuelling hubs by fuel suppliers. Current cost remains 3–5× conventional jet fuel per published analyses. The 5% Power-to-Liquid sub-mandate from 2035 requires significant new production capacity not yet deployed at scale.
Sources: ReFuelEU 2023/2405 · IEA · IATA — indicativeSAFaviation.eu is published by Stéphane Séquaris (BESS Energie SRL, BCE 0698.949.732), an independent Belgian energy engineering consultancy based in Heusy (Verviers, Belgium). Not affiliated with any airline, airport, fuel producer or financial institution. Part of a thematic documentary portfolio on energy transition.
www.bess.be · syntheticfuel.ai · info@bess.beSAFaviation.eu is part of a thematic documentary portfolio managed by Stéphane Séquaris (BESS Energie SRL), an independent Belgian energy engineering consultancy based in Heusy (Verviers, Wallonia, Belgium).
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Nature: Documentary information portal. Not affiliated with any airline, airport, fuel producer, oil major, aircraft manufacturer, EASA, IATA, ICAO or financial institution. All information synthesised from cited public sources. Not an official EU institution publication.
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All SAF quota figures, regulatory deadlines and market projections are from cited public sources and may be subject to amendment. Verify primary sources (EUR-Lex, EASA, ICAO, IEA) before any compliance or investment decision.
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